h2xs - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions
h2xs [-AOPXcdf] [-v version] [-n module_name] [-p prefix] [-s sub] [headerfile ... [extra_libraries]]
h2xs -h
h2xs builds a Perl extension from C header files. The extension will include functions which can be used to retrieve the value of any #define statement which was in the C header files.
The module_name will be used for the name of the extension. If module_name is not supplied then the name of the first header file will be used, with the first character capitalized.
If the extension might need extra libraries, they should be included here. The extension Makefile.PL will take care of checking whether the libraries actually exist and how they should be loaded. The extra libraries should be specified in the form -lm -lposix, etc, just as on the cc command line. By default, the Makefile.PL will search through the library path determined by Configure. That path can be augmented by including arguments of the form -L/another/library/path in the extra-libraries argument.
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-A |
Omit all autoload facilities. This is the same as -c but also removes the require AutoLoader statement from the .pm file. | ||
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-F |
Additional flags to specify to C preprocessor when scanning header for function declarations. Should not be used without -x. | ||
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-O |
Allows a pre-existing extension directory to be overwritten. | ||
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-P |
Omit the autogenerated stub POD section. | ||
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-X |
Omit the XS portion. Used to generate templates for a module which is not XS -based. | ||
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-c |
Omit constant() from the .xs file and corresponding specialised AUTOLOAD from the .pm file. | ||
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-d |
Turn on debugging messages. | ||
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-f |
Allows an extension to be created for a header even if that header is not found in /usr/include. | ||
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-h |
Print the usage, help and version for this h2xs and exit. |
-n module_name
Specifies a name to be used for the extension, e.g., -n RPC::DCE
-p prefix
Specify a prefix which should be removed from the Perl function names, e.g., -p sec_rgy_ This sets up the XS PREFIX keyword and removes the prefix from functions that are autoloaded via the constant() mechansim.
-s sub1,sub2
Create a perl subroutine for the specified macros rather than autoload with the constant() subroutine. These macros are assumed to have a return type of char *, e.g., -s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid.
-v version
Specify a version number for this extension. This version number is added to the templates. The default is 0.01.
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-x |
Automatically generate XSUBs basing on function declarations in the header file. The package C::Scan should be installed. If this option is specified, the name of the header file may look like NAME1,NAME2. In this case NAME1 is used instead of the specified string, but XSUBs are emitted only for the declarations included from file NAME2 . |
Note that some types of arguments/return-values for functions may result in XSUB -declarations/typemap-entries which need hand-editing. Such may be objects which cannot be converted from/to a pointer (like long long), pointers to functions, or arrays.
# Default
behavior, extension is Rusers
h2xs rpcsvc/rusers
# Same, but
extension is RUSERS
h2xs -n RUSERS rpcsvc/rusers
# Extension is
rpcsvc::rusers. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
h2xs rpcsvc::rusers
# Extension is
ONC::RPC. Still finds <rpcsvc/rusers.h>
h2xs -n ONC::RPC rpcsvc/rusers
# Without
constant() or AUTOLOAD
h2xs -c rpcsvc/rusers
# Creates
templates for an extension named RPC
h2xs -cfn RPC
# Extension is
ONC::RPC.
h2xs -cfn ONC::RPC
# Makefile.PL
will look for library -lrpc in
# additional directory /opt/net/lib
h2xs rpcsvc/rusers -L/opt/net/lib -lrpc
# Extension is
DCE::rgynbase
# prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function
names
h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ dce/rgynbase
# Extension is
DCE::rgynbase
# prefix "sec_rgy_" is dropped from perl function
names
# subroutines are created for sec_rgy_wildcard_name and
sec_rgy_wildcard_sid
h2xs -n DCE::rgynbase -p sec_rgy_ \
-s sec_rgy_wildcard_name,sec_rgy_wildcard_sid
dce/rgynbase
# Make XS
without defines in perl.h, but with function declarations
# visible from perl.h. Name of the extension is perl1.
# When scanning perl.h, define -DEXT=extern -DdEXT=
-DINIT(x)=
# Extra backslashes below because the string is passed to
shell.
# Note that a directory with perl header files would
# be added automatically to include path.
h2xs -xAn perl1 -F "-DEXT=extern -DdEXT=
-DINIT\(x\)=" perl.h
# Same with
function declaration in proto.h as visible from perl.h.
h2xs -xAn perl2 perl.h,proto.h
No environment variables are used.
Larry Wall and others
the perl manpage, the perlxstut manpage, the ExtUtils::MakeMaker manpage, and the AutoLoader manpage.
The usual warnings if it cannot read or write the files involved.