NAME
inetd - internet "super-server"
SYNOPSIS
/usr/etc/inetd [ -d ] [ configuration file ]
DESCRIPTION
Inetd should be run at boot time by /etc/rc. It then listens
for
connections on certain internet sockets. When a connection
is
found on one of its sockets, it decides what service the
socket
corresponds to, and invokes a program to service the
request.
After the program is finished, it continues to listen on the
socket
(except in some cases which will be described below).
Essentially,
inetd allows running one daemon to invoke several others,
reducing
load on the system.
Upon execution, inetd reads its
configuration information from a
configuration file which, by default, is /etc/inetd.conf.
There
must be an entry for each field of the configuration file,
with
entries for each field separated by a tab or a space.
Comments are
denoted by a "#" at the beginning of a line. There
must be an
entry for each field. The fields of the configuration file
are as
follows:
service name
socket type
protocol
wait/nowait
user
server program
server program arguments
The service name entry is the
name of a valid service in the file
/etc/services/. For "internal" services (discussed
below), the
service name must be the official name of the service (that
is, the
first entry in /etc/services).
The socket type should be one of
"stream", "dgram", "raw",
"rdm", or "seqpacket", depending on
whether the socket is a
stream, datagram, raw, reliably delivered message, or
sequenced
packet socket.
The protocol must be a valid
protocol as given in /etc/protocols.
Examples might be "tcp" or "udp".
The wait/nowait entry is
applicable to datagram sockets only (other
sockets should have a "nowait" entry in this
space). If a
datagram server connects to its peer, freeing the socket so
inetd
can received further messages on the socket, it is said to
be a
"multi-threaded" server, and should use the
"nowait" entry.
For datagram servers which process all incoming datagrams on
a
socket and eventually time out, the server is said to be
"single-
threaded" and should use a "wait" entry.
Comsat(8) (biff(1)) and
talk(1) are both examples of the latter type of datagram
server.
The user entry should contain
the user name of the user as whom the
server should run. This allows for servers to be given less
permission than root. The server program entry should
contain the
pathname of the program which is to be executed by inetd
when a
request is found on its socket. If inetd provides this
service
internally, this entry should be "internal".
The arguments to the server
program should be just as they normally
are, starting with argv[0], which is the name of the
program. If
the service is provided internally, the word
"internal" should
take the place of this entry.
Inetd provides several
"trivial" services internally by use of
routines within itself. These services are "echo",
"discard",
"chargen" (character generator),
"daytime" (human readable
time), and "time" (machine readable time, in the
form of the
number of seconds since midnight, January 1, 1900). All of
these
services are tcp based. For details of these services,
consult the
appropriate RFC from the Network Information Center. (See
"FYI on
Where to Start - A Bibliography of Internetworking
Information"
(RFC1175) in the MachTen System & Network Administration
manual.)
Inetd rereads its configuration
file when it receives a hangup
signal, SIGHUP. Services may be added, deleted or modified
when
the configuration file is reread.
SEE ALSO
comsat(8), ftpd(8), rexecd(8), rlogind(8), rshd(8),
tcptraffic(8),
telnetd(8)