NAME
pipe - create an interprocess communication channel

SYNOPSIS
pipe(fildes)
int fildes[2];

DESCRIPTION
The pipe system call creates an I/O mechanism called a pipe. The
file descriptors returned can be used in read and write operations.
When the pipe is written using the descriptor fildes[1] up to 4096
bytes of data are buffered before the writing process is suspended.
A read using the descriptor fildes[0] will pick up the data.

It is assumed that after the pipe has been set up, two (or more)
cooperating processes (created by subsequent fork calls) will pass
data through the pipe with read and write calls.

The shell has a syntax to set up a linear array of processes
connected by pipes.

Read calls on an empty pipe (no buffered data) with only one end
(all write file descriptors closed) returns an end-of-file.

Pipes are really a special case of the socketpair(2) call and, in
fact, are implemented as such in the system.

A signal is generated if a write on a pipe with only one end is
attempted.

RETURN VALUE
The function value zero is returned if the pipe was created; -1 if
an error occurred.

ERRORS
The pipe call will fail if:

[EMFILE] Too many descriptors are active.

[ENFILE] The system file table is full.

[EFAULT] The fildes buffer is in an invalid area of the
process’s address space.

SEE ALSO
sh(1), read(2), write(2), fork(2), socketpair(2)

BUGS
Should more than 4096 bytes be necessary in any pipe among a loop
of processes, deadlock will occur.