NAME
wind - the MachTen windows environment

SYNOPSIS
wind

DESCRIPTION
The MachTen windows environment allows you to have many virtual
terminal UNIX shell sessions within Macintosh windows. It provides
standard Macintosh menus and keyboard shortcuts to create terminal
emulator windows and control the size, ordering, placement and
per-window characteristics of those windows. The windows system
provides a VT100 terminal emulation within each window, creating a
shell and environment similar to that created by the login program.

Executing the wind daemon starts up the MachTen windows
environment. By default, wind is started automatically when the
user signs on the Login Console via the user’s .login file (csh) or
.profile file (sh). If there is a file named .windrc in the home
directory, the specification of the user’s window environment is
taken from that file. Otherwise, a single 24 row by 80 column
window is opened and the default font and font size are set to
Monaco 9 point (or the closest available "real" fixed width font
and size).

See LAUNCHING WINDOWS below for details of menu creation and the
format of the .windrc file.

USAGE
MachTen Windows

The MachTen windows environment is a menu-oriented system providing
the user with the capability to create and control multiple
terminal emulator windows. It follows as closely as possible the
Macintosh user interface standard.

Each window is a Macintosh "zoom window" with the following window
elements:

A title bar across the top. Clicking and dragging the mouse in
the title bar allows you to move the window around on the
desktop.

A scroll bar on the right-hand side provides the ability to
view text that has scrolled off the top of the virtual
terminal.

A zoom box in the upper right-hand corner. Clicking in this
box by placing the mouse cursor over the zoom box and
depressing the mouse button makes the window fill the entire
screen. The next click in the zoom box causes the window to go
back to its previous size.

A size box in the lower right-hand corner. Clicking and
dragging this box allows you to resize the screen.

A close box in the upper left-hand corner. Clicking in this
box closes the window and kills any processes associated with
the window.

Input to Windows

Keyboard input is always directed to the active window. You can
choose the active window in a number of ways, either through the
Window menu, through the keyboard shortcut Command-# , where #
corresponds to the number of the terminal desired, or by clicking
the mouse inside the desired window.

Menus

MachTen Windows menus are located at the top of the screen. In
keeping with the UNIX keyboard orientation, most menu items also
provide keyboard shortcuts (Command-key combinations).

Menus are invoked by positioning the mouse cursor over the menu
name and holding down the mouse button. The complete menu appears
at this time and the desired menu item is selected by sliding the
mouse cursor down to that item and releasing the mouse button.

If the menu item has a keyboard shortcut, the identical action can
be taken by either selecting the item with the mouse or by typing
Command-key.

The Apple Menu

This menu provides the MachTen "splash" and whatever Desk
Accessories or Apple Menu items are installed on the running
system.

About MachTen - information on how to contact Tenon

The File Menu

This menu opens and closes terminal windows and disables the window
environment.

Create Window Command-N - create a new terminal window.

Close Window Command-W - close the active terminal window.

Logout Command-Q - log out of the MachTen windows environment,
closing all existing windows, shells and sub-processes. Return
to the minimal "Login Console" environment.

The Edit Menu

This menu provides you with access to the Macintosh Clipboard.
Text can be selected by moving the mouse cursor to the start/end of
the selection and holding the button down while moving
forward/backward to the end point of your selection and releasing
the mouse button. Selected text is displayed as white letters on a
black background. Double-clicking the mouse selects the word where
the mouse cursor is, while triple-clicking selects the complete
line.

Undo Command-U - has no function on MachTen windows and is
provided only to support desk accessories.

Cut Command-X - has no function on MachTen windows and is
provided only to support desk accessories. The concept of
cutting from text in a terminal window is not meaningful, since
this text is merely a history of output to the virtual terminal
device. Moreover, specific applications need built-in "Cut"
support. In MachTen, traditional Macintosh "Cut and Paste"
functions are supported by "Copy and Paste".

Copy Command-C - puts a copy of the selection on the Clipboard.

Paste Command-V - puts a copy of the contents of the Clipboard
as input to the active window. Continues to paste copies until
a new selection is copied.

Clear - has no function on MachTen windows and is provided only
to support desk accessories.

Select All Command-A - Select all text in the active window.

[Copy,] Paste, <cr> Command-G - If there is a current selection
it is copied to the Clipboard. The Clipboard is then provided
as input to the active window, followed by a <cr>. This
provides you with the ability to select something on the screen
and turn it into (the tail end of) a UNIX command.

Save Selection - save the selected text to a file.

The Window Menu

This menu consists of three sections. The first section consists
of three permanent items that are hierarchical menus. To access the
hierarchical menus slide the mouse cursor over the item and to the
right, which will make their sub-menus visible.

The Positions Sub-Menu - consisting of:

Windowpanes Command-P - position windows so that they are all
visible on the screen, creating a windowpane effect.

Horizontal Panes - windowpane effect with each window as wide
as the complete screen.

Vertical Panes - windowpane effect with each window as tall
as the complete screen.

Original Positions - undo the windowpane effect.

The Size Sub-Menu - consisting of:

Original Size Command-O - return the active window to the
size it was when it was opened.

Full Height Command-F - make the active window as tall as
will fit on the screen. This command is a toggle command -
if the active window is tall, it will return to its previous
size.

Zoom Window Command-B - make the active window as big as will
fit on the screen. This command is a toggle command - if the
active window is tall, it will return to its previous size.
The results of this command are identical to clicking in the
zoom box of the active window.

The Order Sub-Menu - consisting of:

Hide Active Window Command-H - makes the active window
invisible. A hidden window can be made visible using the
show all command, or by selecting that window (See
DESCRIPTION above).

Hide All Command-D - make all windows invisible.

Show All Command-K - make all windows visible.

Last Window Command-L - make the previously active window the
current active window.

Rotate Windows Command-R - make the current rear window
(furthest from front on the desktop) the front and active,
and make the active window the second window.

The second section consists of individual menu items that control
the window appearance.

Save Scrolled Lines - if Save Scrolled is selected for a given
window, the lines scrolled off the top of the window will be
saved and the scroll bar will be activated. The window will
remain in this state until Dont’t Save Scrolled Lines is
selected. These two commands share one line in the Window
menu; when Save Scrolled is enabled; the menu says Don’t Save,
and vice versa.

Remove Scrolled Lines - If Save Scroll is enabled for a window,
this will throw away any saved lines.

Save Window Environment.. - save a description of the size and
locations of the current windows to the named file. The font
type and size of the active window are specified as the
defaults. By default, the environment will be saved to the
.windrc file in the user’s home directory.

Send Window Size Command-S - provides the string "stty rows n
columns m" as input to the active window, where n is the number
of rows that will fit in that window using the current font
type and size, and m is the number of columns. This is useful
when accessing UNIX systems over the network that want to know
the size of the terminal. An example would be using the telnet
program to access a Sun Workstation, and trying to run some
screen-oriented program such as vi(1) on the remote system.
After connecting to the remote system, the "Send stty command"
will inform the remote system the terminal size to use.

The third section of items in the Window menu consists of the names
of the existing terminal windows. The item with a check mark is
the window that is the current console window. The active window
is displayed in outline font. The keyboard shortcuts for these
items are Command-# , where # is the number of the terminal window.

The Fonts Menu

This menu is created at startup time and contains all fixed width
fonts found in the current system, with point size choices of 9,
10, 12, 14, 18, 24 and 36. The current font item of the active
window is checked, and the font sizes of "real" fonts are displayed
in outline font. Real fonts are non-scaled fonts and will tend to
look much nicer.

Some commonly found fixed width fonts are Courier and Monaco.

SPECIAL FEATURES
Font sizes can be changed to the next size larger/smaller using
Command-up-arrow and Command-down-arrow.

Support for the Macintosh Plus keyboard (which does not include a
<control> key or an <escape> key) is provided. On the Macintosh
Plus keyboard, the <option> key is interpreted as a <control> key
and the <clear> key is interpreted as an <escape> key.
Alternatively, an <escape> key can be generated using the
<option>-[ keys.

LAUNCHING WINDOWS
At start-up, the wind daemon creates the Font menu as described
above in the Font menu section. When the windows environment is
entered by running /usr/etc/wind, the system looks in your home
directory for a file named .windrc, which contains the
specification of the your preferred windows environment.
Otherwise, a single 24 row by 80 column window is opened and the
default font and font size are set to Monaco 9 point (or the
closest available "real" fixed width font and size).

The .windrc File

The easiest way to create a .windrc file is to create all of the
windows that you want to have as your standard startup environment,
position them as desired, and set the active window’s font type and
point size to the font that you would like all of the automatically
started windows to use. Then select the "Save Window Environment"
item in the File menu. You will be asked to provide a filename for
the save; by default the .windrc file in your login home directory.
It’s a good idea to keep a copy of your currently running .windrc
file.

To change the names of the terminal windows, edit the .windrc file
and change the name from "Terminal n" to whatever you would like.

If you want any terminal window to run an alternative program
instead of the shell specified in your /etc/passwd entry, simply
follow the window name with a -command, where command is any legal
program name and parameters. That terminal will run the command
specified. Note, however, that when that command terminates, the
terminal window will close automatically. Useful commands to use
here are interactive programs such as rlogin <hostname> or vi
<filename>. (A complete pathname is necessary.)

The .windrc file is made up of records as follows:

f <font_num font_size>
S
C<y|n> <action>
w <l.h l.v r.h r.v> <name> [-command [parameter string]]

The f record specifies the default font type and size.

<font_num> is the number of the default font style. Font numbers
are assigned by Apple. The font number of Courier is 22 and Monaco
is 4.

The S record sets the default window action to Save Scrolled Lines.
This default is the same as selecting Save Scrolled Lines in the
Window menu. In the absence of this record, new windows don’t have
Save Scrolled Lines selected.

The C record specifies whether or not to present a dialog box to
confirm a significant action; Cy requests confirmation, Cn does
not. The list of confirmable actions and their defaults follows:

CloseWindow closing a window via the File menu (or hot key
Command-W); default Cn.

Logout logging out via the File menu (or hot key
Command-Q); default Cy.

The w record specifies the size, position, name and, optionally,
the command run in the terminal window. If no command is provided,
the shell specified in the /etc/passwd file is the command
executed.

The window size and location record object <l.h l.v r.h r.v> is
coordinate pair specifications of the upper left and lower right
corners of the window or icon. This can be determined by
experimentation, or by creating a window of the desired size and
position and then using the "Save Window Environment" Window menu
item.

<name> is the name of the window, and will be displayed in the
window’s title bar and in the Window menu. The name is truncated
at 16 characters long.

ENVIRONMENT
The user’s environment includes the TERM and TERMCAP environment
variables set by the wind daemon. It is important that these remain
set to proper values or undesirable functioning of the VT100
emulation within your terminal windows may result.

The environment variable WIND_NAME is also defined so that any
program that would like to recognize the MachTen windows
environment can check for this.

FILES
~/.windrc
/usr/etc/wind
/dev/win[abc][1-f]
/dev/ptypf
/dev/ttypf
/etc/passwd
/etc/utmp
/usr/adm/wtmp